Nature and extent of on-the-job training for employees with an intellectual disability

This pilot study investigates the quality and extent of on-the-job training provided to employees with intellectual disabilities in an Australian Disability Enterprise (ADE). The study aimed to assess staff knowledge and use of 15 evidence-based training strategies and to understand the perceptions of employees with intellectual disabilities regarding their training experiences. 

Findings revealed that while staff were familiar with most training strategies, only two – “Show and Tell” and “Individual Training Plans” – were used consistently. Many effective strategies, such as Systematic Instruction and video modelling, were underutilised due to lack of training, resources, or misconceptions about their applicability. Employees expressed a strong desire to learn new skills but reported limited access to meaningful training opportunities. Training was often focused on production tasks, with less emphasis on personal development or career progression. 

Recommendations include improving staff training in evidence-based instructional methods, increasing management support for training over production priorities, and investing in adaptive technologies. The study also calls for more systematic and individualised training approaches. The findings highlight a gap between policy intentions – such as those in the Disability Services Act and the National Disability Strategy – and actual practice in ADEs. 

To align with Australia’s obligations under the UNCRPD and the goals of the NDIS, policy must ensure that disability employment services are equipped and accountable for delivering high-quality, person-centred training that supports real employment outcomes.